United States yazivisa kuti yaisa mutero we25%! Izvi zvichakanganisa sei zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika nesimbi nearuminiyamu neChina?

Musi wa10 Kukadzi, aimbova Mutungamiriri weUS, Donald Trump, akasaina gwaro rehurumende raizivisa kuti panofanira kubhadharwa mutero we25% pasimbi yese nearuminiyamu inopinzwa muUnited States. Trump akataura pazuva rimwe chete iroro kuti paisazova "nekusiyana kana kusabatanidzwa" pazvinodiwa.Zvinobatanidza zveTerminal Block, Chinongedzo cheFrc uye Zviratidziri zveRectangular zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zviitike.

Munguva yake yekutanga, Trump akaisa mutero we25% pasimbi inopinzwa muUnited States uye mutero we10% paaluminium inopinzwa muUnited States. Gare gare, vadyidzani vekutengeserana vakaita seCanada, Mexico, European Union neUnited Kingdom vakapihwa mutero usingabhadhariswe mutero.

Vari kuziva nezvemaindasitiri vakati panguva ino United States yakawedzera mitero pazvinhu zvinobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye haina kunangana zvakananga nenyika imwe chete. Zvingangodaro kuti iri kushandisa mitero kusimudzira maindasitiri ayo emuno. Saka, izvi zvichakanganisa sei kutengeswa kwesimbi nearuminiyamu neChina kuUnited States?

Kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvealuminium zvakananga kune imwe nyika kushoma, uye kukwidzwa kwemitero kunogona kuwedzera mutoro kune vatengi vekuAmerica.

Nezvekukwidzwa kwemitero yezvinhu zvearuminiyamu neUnited States, Wen Xianjun, aimbova mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weChina Nonferrous Metals Industry Association uye mutungamiri wekuremekedza weShandong Aluminum Industry Association, akati: "Kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu kuChina pari zvino kuUnited States kwatova nemitero yakawanda nekuda kwe'anti-dumping and countervailing duties', uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu kuUnited States kudiki kwazvo. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganiswa zvinhu zvearuminiyamu. United States inobhadharisa mitero kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye mitoro iyi yemitero inofanira kunyanya kutakurwa nevatengi vekuAmerica."

Kubva pamaonero eChina, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika pagore muChina hunosvika matani angangoita mamiriyoni mashanu kusvika matanhatu, zvichireva 12.85% yezvinobuda. Muna 2023, Mexico ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yakakura yekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zveChina, ichitora 9.6% yehuwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. United States neCanada dzaive 4.6% ne3.8% zvichiteerana, uye zvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvakatumirwa kuNorth American Free Trade Area zvaive 18% yehuwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zveChina zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Wen Xianjun anotenda kuti kusimudzira indasitiri yearuminiyamu muChina kunofanira kuramba kuchitarisa pakugadzira misika mitsva yevatengi kuti zvinhu zvearuminiyamu zvekuChina zvifambiswe kunze kwenyika. Kushandiswa kwearuminiyamu muChina kunonyanya kuitwa nevemuno, uye mutemo wemitero weUnited States hauna simba guru pamusika wearuminiyamu wemuno.

Panyaya yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa muUnited States, zvichienderana nedata reUNComtrade, muna 2023, United States yakatenga zvigadzirwa zvealuminium zvinosvika mamiriyoni 1.6482, pakati pazvo yakatenga matani 420,000, matani 200,000 uye matani 60,000 kubva kuCanada, China neMexico zvichiteerana, zvichiita 41.7%. Manyuko ezvigadzirwa zvealuminium muUnited States akanyanya kuwanda. Zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kunyika shanu dzepamusoro dzinotenga zvinhu, dzinoti China, Mexico, Canada, India neColombia, zvinosvika 75%, uye zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kuChina zvinosvika 36%.

MunaKurume 2018, United States yakaisa mutero we10% pazvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvakaunzwa kubva pasi rese zvichibva pane zvakabuda mukuferefeta, izvo zvakatanga kushanda musi waKurume 23. Canada neMexico chete ndidzo dzakasunungurwa. Pakupera kwaGunyana 2024, United States yakawedzera mutero wekuwedzera pane zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zveChina kusvika pa25% uye yakaisawo mutero we25% pabauxite yakatumirwa kubva kuChina. Zvinhu zvakakwidzwa mutero kubva pa7.5% kusvika pa25% zvinoenderana nezvigadzirwa zvese zvearuminiyamu pasi pezvinhu 604-7609.

Panguva iyoyo, nekuda kwemitero yakaiswa neUnited States pazvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zveChina, kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu neChina kuUnited States kwakadzikiswa nehafu. Zvisinei, huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu zvinopinzwa muUnited States hwakaramba huri pamamiriyoni maviri ematani, kunyanya nekuti kutengwa kwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu kubva kune dzimwe nyika kwaibatsira pakuderedza kutengeswa kwezvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUnited States. Uye zvinhu zveChina zvinogona kupinda muUnited States kuburikidza nekutengeseranazve kwekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika muMexico neCanada.

Li Kui, muongorori wesimbi dzisina feri kuHuaRong Rongda Futures, akati: "Munguva pfupi, kuwedzera kwaTrump kwemitero yekutenga zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuchakanganisawo kutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kweChina nekutengeseranazve kwenyika kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seMexico neCanada. Zvisinei, tichifunga kuti kare, zvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zveChina zvakatarisana nekuferefetwa kwekuramba kuraswa kwezvinhu zvakatangwa nenyika dzakawanda, uye mitengo yemitero yekurambidza kuraswa kwezvinhu inobva pa10% kusvika 75%. Zvichikanganiswa nemitero yekurambidza kuraswa kwezvinhu, kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvearuminiyamu kunze kwenyika kwatoderera neanenge 30% kusvika 60%. Saka, pasi pemutengo we25%, kuchinja kwemitengo yearuminiyamu hakuna kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya. Asi munguva yepakati nerefu, zvichave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakutengeserana kwearuminiyamu kunze kwenyika kweChina."